References

1. Hillner BE, Smith TJ: Methods of developing clinical practice guidelines, in American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book. Chicago, IL, American Society of Clinical Oncology, 1994, pp 261-265

2. American Society of Clinical Oncology Outcomes Working Group: Outcomes of cancer treatment for technology assessment and cancer treatment guidelines. J Clin Oncol 14:671-679, 1995

3. Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination: The periodic health examination. Can Med Assoc J 121:1193-1254, 1979

4. Benchimol S, Fuks A, Jothy S, Beauchemin N, Shirota K, Stanners C: Carcinoembryonic antigen, a human tumor marker, functions as an intercellular adhesion molecule. Cell 57:327-334, 1989

5. Fletcher RH: Carcinoembryonic antigen. Ann Intern Med 104:66-73, 1986

6. Schwartz MK: Cancer markers in DeVita VT, et al (eds): Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, 1993, pp 531-542

7. Goslin R, O'Brien MJ, Steele G: Correlation of plasma CEA and CEA tissue staining in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer. Am J Med 71:246-249, 1981

8. Stevens DP, Mackay IR, Cullen KJ: Carcinoembryonic antigen in an unselected elderly population: A four-year follow up. Br J Cancer 32:147-152, 1975

9. Costanza ME, Das S, Nathanson L, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen: Report of a screening study. Cancer 33:583-590, 1974

10. Wanebo HJ, Rao B, Pinsky CM, et al: The use of the preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as a prognostic indicator to complement pathologic staging. N Engl J Med 299:448-451, 1978

11. Ng IOL, Ho J, Pritchett CJ, et al: A tissue staining in colorectal cancer patients--Correlation with plasma CEA, histology and staging. Pathology 25:219-222, 1993

12. Zeng Z, Cohen AM, Urmacher C: Usefulness of carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring despite normal preoperative values in node-positive colon cancer patients. Dis Colon Rectum 36:1063-1068, 1993

13. van der Schouw YT, Verbeek AL, Wobbes T, et al: Comparison of four serum tumour markers in the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 66:148-154, 1992

14. Arnaud JP, Koehl C, Adloff M: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 23:141-144, 1990

15. Yamaguchi Y, Kurosaka Y, Ishida T, et al: Clinical significance of tumor marker NCC-ST 439 in large bowel cancers. Dis Colon Rectum 34:921-924, 1991

16. Goslin R, Steele G, Macintyre J, et al: The use of preoperative plasma CEA levels for the stratification of patients after curative resection of colorectal cancers. Ann Surg 192:747-751, 1980

17. Wolmark FB, Wieand S, Henry RS, et al: Prognostic significance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test for monitoring patients with resected colon cancer. JAMA 270:943-947, 1993

18. Evans JT, Mittelman A, Chu M, et al: Pre- and postoperative uses of CEA. Cancer 42:1419-1421, 1978

19. Chu DZJ, Erickson CA, Russell MP, et al: Prognostic significance of carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal carcionma. Arch Surg 39:392-395, 1991

20. Onetto M, Paganuzzi M, Secco GB, et al: Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 39:392-395, 1985

21. Seregni E, Bombardieri E, Bogni A, et al: The role of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the management of patients with colorectal carcinoma: The experience of the Instituto Tumori of Milan. Int J Biol Mark 7:167-170, 1992

22. Boey J, Cheung HC, Lai CK, et al: A prospective evaluation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in the management of colorectal carcinoma. World J Surg 8:279-286, 1984

23. Stahle E, Glimellus B, Bertstrom R, et al: Preoperative serum markers in carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. II. Eur J Surg Oncol 14:287-296, 1988

24. Abad A, Font A, Pinol M, et al: Analysis of the clinical prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients undergoing curative resection. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 12:693A, 1993 (abstr)

25. Filelia X, Molina R, Pique JM, et al: CEA as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res 14:705-708, 1994

26. Brummendorf T, Anderer F, Staab H, et al: Prognostic value of preoperative serum CEA level compared to clinical staging: III. An approach to scoring of prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 28:263-269, 1985

27. Kohler JP, Simonowitz D, Paloyan D: Preoperative CEA level: A prognostic test in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Am Surg 46:449-452, 1980

28. Goslin R, Steele G, Macintyre J, et al: The use of preoperative plasma CEA levels for the stratification of patients after curative resection of colorectal cancers. Ann Surg 192:747-751, 1980

29. Lunde O, Havig O: Clinical significance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with adenocarcinoma in colon and rectum. Acta Chir Scan 148:189-193, 1982

30. Arnaud JP, Bergamaschi R, Casa C, et al: The rationale for CEA dosage in the follow-up of patients operated for colorectal cancer. A prospective study on 800 cases. Spec Int Col Mtg Surg Oncol 25, 1992

31. Tartter PL, Slater G, Gelernt I, et al: Screening for liver metastases from colorectal cancer with carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase. Ann Surg 193:193-359, 1981

32. Moertel CG, Gelming TR, Macdonald JS, et al: An evaluation fo the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test for monitoring patients with resected colon cancer. JAMA 270:943-947, 1993

33. Steele G Jr, Ellenberg S, Hamming K: CEA monitoring among patients in multi-institutional adjuvant G.I. therapy protocols. Ann Surg 196:162-169, 1982

34. Tomoda H, Furusawa M: The usefulness and limitations of CEA assay in the management of colorectal cancer. Japn J Surg 11:33-38, 1981

35. Persijn JP, Hart AAM: Prognostic significance of CEA in colorectal cancer: A statistical study. Clinical Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 19:1117-1123, 1981

36. Kouri M, Pyrhonen S, Mecklin JP, et al: Serum carcinoembryonic antigen and DNA ploidy in colorectal carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 812-818, 1991

37. Bentzen SM, Balslev I, Pedersen M, et al: A regression analysis of prognostic factors after resection of Dukes' B and C carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. Does post-operative CEA change the prognosis? Br J Cancer 58:195-201, 1988

38. Fucini C, Tommasi MS, Cardona G, et al: Limitations of CEA monitoring as a guide to second-look surgery in colorectal cancer follow up. Tumori 69:359-364, 1983

39. Szymendera JJ, Nowacki MP, Kozlowica-Gudzinska I, et al: Value of serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, and gastrointestinal cancer antigen, GICA or CA 19-9, for preoperative staging and postoperative monitoring of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 28:895-899, 1985

40. Bohm B, Schwenk W, Hucke HP, et al: Does methodic long-term follow-up affect survival after curative resection of colorectal carcinoma? Dis Colon Rectum 36:280-286, 1993

41. Meling GI, Rognum TO, Clausen OP, et al: Serum carcinoembryonic antigen in relation to survival, DNA ploidy pattern, and recurrent disease in 406 colorectal carcinoma patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 27:1061-1068, 1992

42. Wang JY, Tang R, Chiang JM: Value of carcinoembryonic antigen in the management of colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 272-277, 1994

43. Staab HJ, Anderer FA, Stumpf E, et al: Eighty-four potential second-look operations based on sequential carcinoembryonic antigen determinations and clinical investigations in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal cancer. Am J Surg 149:198-204, 1985

44. Albe X, Vassilakos P, Helfer-Guarnori K, et al: Independent prognostic value of ploidy in colorectal cancer: A prospective study using image cytometry. Cancer 66:1168-1175, 1990

45. Sugarbaker PH, Gianola FJ, Dwyer A: A simplified plan for follow up of patients with colon and rectal cancer supported by prospective studies of laboratory and radiologic test results. Surgery 102:79-87, 1987

46. Rocklin MS, Senagore AJ, Talbott TM: Role of carcinoembryonic antigen and liver function tests in the detection of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 34:794-797, 1991

47. Lim CNH, McPherson TA, McClelland AR, et al: Value of serial CEA determinations in a surgical adjuvant trial of colorectal and gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 14:275-280, 1980

48. Steele G, Zamcheck N, Wilson R, et al: Results of CEA-initiated second-look surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer. Am J Surg 139:544-549, 1980

49. Mariani G, Carmellini M, Bonguidi F, et al: Serum CEA monitoring in the follow-up of colorectal cancer patients with negative preoperative serum CEA. Eur J Cancer 16:1099-1103, 1980

50. Wood CB, Ratcliffe JG, Burt RW, et al: The clinical significance of the pattern of elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in recurrent colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 67:46-48, 1980


51. Mach JP, Vienny H, Jaeger P, et al: Long-term followup of colorectal carcionma patients by repeated CEA radioimmunoassay. Cancer 42:1439-1447, 1978

52. Carlsson U, Stewonius J, Ekelund G, et al: Is CEA analysis of value in screening for recurrences after surgery for colorectal carcionma? Dis Colon Rectum 26:369-373, 1983

53. Attiyeh FF, Stearns MW: Second-look laparotomy based on CEA elevations in colorectal cancer. Cancer 47:2119-2125, 1981

54. O'Dwyer PJ, Mojzisik C, McCabe DP, et al: Reoperation directed by carcinoembryonic antigen level: The importance of a thorough preoperative evaluation. Am J Surg 155:227-231, 1988

55. Graffner H, Hultberg B, Johannsson B, et al: Detection of recurrent cancer of the colon and rectum. J Surg Oncol 28:156-159, 1985

56. Tate H: Plasma CEA in the post-surgical monitoring of colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 46:323-330, 1982

>57. Rognum TO, Thorud E, Brandtzeeg P, et al: Plasma CEA in large bowel carcinoma: Which patients should be follow-up results in 100 patients with different tumor DNA-ploidy patterns. Cancer Detec Prev 10:347-352, 1987

58. Kievit J, van de Velde CJH: Utility and cost of carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring in colon cancer follow-up evaluation: A Markov Analysis. Cancer 65:2580-2587, 1990

59. Koch M, Washer G, Gaedke H, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen: Usefulness as a postsurgical method in the detection of recurrence in Dukes' stages B2 and C colorectal cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 69:813-815, 1982

60. Behbehani AL, Al-Naqeeb N, Omar YT, et al: Serial determinations of serum CEA in monitoring management of patients with colorectal carcinoma. Oncology 47:303-307, 1990

61. Fuchini C, Tommasi SM, Rosi S: Follow-up of colorectal cancer resected for cure. Dis Colon Rectum 30:273-277, 1987

62. Martin EW, Minton JP, Carey LC: CEA-directed second-look surgery in the asymptomatic patient after primary resection of colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 202:310-317, 1983

63. Sandler RS, Freund DA, Herbst CA, et al: Cost effectiveness of postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring in colorectal cancer. Cancer 53:193-198, 1984

64. McCall J, Black R, Rich C: The value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen in predicting recurrent disease following curative resection of colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 37:875-881, 1994

65. Hine KR, Dykes PW: Serum CEA testing in the post-operative surveillance of colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 49:689-693, 1984

66. Kemeny MM, Sugarbaker PH, Smith IJ, et al: A prospective analysis of laboratory tests and imaging studies to detect hepatic lesions. Ann Surg 195:163-167, 1982

67. Bruinvels DJ, Stiggelbout AM, Kievit J, et al: Followup of patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 219:174-182, 1994

68. Barillari P, Bolognese A, Chirletti P, et al: Role of CEA, TPA, and Ca 19-9 in the early detection of localized and diffuse recurrent rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 35:471-476, 1992

69. Wedell J, Eisen Pm, Luu TH, et al: A retrospective study of serial CEA determinations in the early detection of recurrent cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 24:618-621, 1981

70. Simpson JF, Primus FJ, Schlom J: Complementation of expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and tumor associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) in human colon adenocarcinomas. Int J Biol Mark 6:83-90, 1991

71. Northover JMA: Carcinoembryonic antigen and recurrent colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 72:544-546, 1985

72. Denstman F, Rosen L, Khubchandani IT, et al: Comparing predictive decision rules in postoperative CEA monitoring. Cancer 58:2089-2095, 1986

73. Minton JP, Hoehn JL, Gerber DM: Results of a 400 patient carcinoembryonic antigen second-look colorectal cancer study. Cancer 55:1284-1290, 1985

74. Schneebaum S, Arnold MW, Young D, et al: Role of carcinoembryonic antigen in predicting resectability of recurrent colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 36:810-815, 1993

75. Makela JT, Laitinen SO, Kairaluoma MI: Five year followup after radical surgery for colorectal cancer results of a prospective randomized trial. Arch Surg 130:1062-1067, 1995

76. Cohen AM, Minsky BD, Schilsky RL: Colon cancer, in DeVita VT, et al (eds): Cancer: Principle and Practice of Oncology. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, 1993, pp 929-977

77. Niederhuber JE, Ensminger WD: Treatment of mestastatic cancer to the liver, in DeVita VT, et al (eds): Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. Philadelphia, PA, Lippincott, 1993, pp 2201-2225

78. Mayer RJ, Garnick MB, Steele GD, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a monitor of chemotherapy in disseminated colorectal cancer. Cancer 42:1428-1433, 1978

79. Allen-Mersh TG, Kemeny N, Niedzwiecki D, et al: Significance of a fall in serum CEA concentration in patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy for disseminated colorectal cancer. Gut 28:1625-1629, 1987

80. Shani A, O'Connell M, Moertel C, et al: Serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen measurements in the management of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Ann Intern Med 88:627-630, 1978

81. Ward U, Primrose JN, Finan PJ, et al: The use of tumor markers CEA, CA-195 and CA-242 in evaluating the response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 67:1132-1135, 1993

82. Tautu C, Pee D, Dunsmore M, et al: Evaluation of serum sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen for the detection of early-stage colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 5:247-254, 1991

83. Tautu C, Verazin G, Prorok JJ, et al: Improved procedure for determination of serum lipid-associated sialic acid: Application for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:1333-1337, 1988

84. Schutter EM, Visser JJ, van Kamp GJ, et al: The utility of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA or LSA) as a serum marker for malignancy. A review of the literature. Tumour Biol 13:121-132, 1992

85. Dabrowska B, Krasnodebski IW, Tadeusiak W: Sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as markers of colon cancer: Preliminary report. Pol Tyg Lek 46:890-891, 1991

86. Shahangian S, Fritsche HA, Hughes JI, et al: Plasma protein-bound sialic acid in patients with colorectal polyps of known histology. Clin Chem 37:200-204, 1991

87. Verazin G, Riley WM, Gregory J, et al: Serum sialic acid and carcinoembryonic levels in the detection and monitoring of colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 33:139-142, 1990

88. Dwivedi C, Dixit M, Kumar SS, et al: Plasma sialic acid alterations in neoplastic diseases. J Med 18:323-332, 1987

89. Magnani JL, Steplewski Z, Kiprowski H, et al: Identification of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer-associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody 19-9 in the sera of patients as a mucin. Cancer Res 43:5489-5492, 1983

90. Del Villano BC, Brennan S, Brock P, et al: Radioimmunometric assay for a monoclonal antibody-defined tumor marker, CA 19-9. Clin Chem 29:549-552, 1983

91. Ritts Jr RI, Del Villano BC, Go VLW, et al: Initial clinical evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay for CA 19-9 using the NCI serum bank. Int J Cancer 33:339-345, 1984

92. Beretta E, Malesci A, Zerbi A, et al: Serum CA 19-9 in the postsurgical follow-up of patients with pancreatic cancer. Cancer 60:2428-2431, 1987

93. Glenn J, Steinberg WM, Kurtzman SH, et al: Evaluation of the utility of radioimmunoassay for serum CA 19-9 levels in patients before and after treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas. J Clin Oncol 6:462-468, 1988

94. Gupta MK, Arciaga R, Bocci L, et al: Measurement of a monoclonal-antibody-defined antigen (CA19-9) in the sera of patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Cancer 56:277-283, 1985

95. Andriulli A, Gindro T, Piantino P, et al: Prospective evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of CA 19-9 assay as a marker for gastrointestinal cancers. Digestion 33:26-33, 1986

96. Putzki H, Ledwoch J, Student A, et al: Tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, tissue polypeptide antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19/9 in liver diseases. J Surg Oncol 37:133-135, 1988

97. Ohuchi N, Takahashi K, Matoba N, et al: Comparison of serum assays for TAG-72, CA19-9 and CEA in gastrointestinal carcinoma patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 19:242-248, 1989

98. Yamaguchi A, Kurosaka Y, Ishida T, et al: Clinical significance of tumor marker NCC-ST 439 in large bowel cancers. Dis Colon Rectum 34:921-924, 1991

99. Thomas WM, Robertson JFR, Price MR, et al: Failure of CA19-9 to detect asymptomatic colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 63:975-976, 1991

100. Iemura K, Moriya Y: A comparative analysis of the serum levels of NCC-ST-439, CEA and CA19-9 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 19:439-442, 1993


101. Encabo G, Ruibal A: Seric CA 19-9 levels in patients with non tumoral pathologies. Our experience in 892 cases. Bull Cancer (Paris) 73:256-259, 1986

102. Gion M, Ruggeri G, Mione R, et al: A new approach to tumour marker assessment by perioperative determination in breast and colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 8:8-13, 1993

103. Filella X, Molina R, Pique JM, et al: Use of CA 19-9 in the early detection of recurrences in colorectal cancer: Comparison with CEA. Tumor Biol 15:1-6, 1994

104. Kouri M, Pyrhonen S, Kuusela P: Elevated CA 19-9 as the most significant prognostic factor in advanced colorectal carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 49:78-85, 1992

105. Shimono R, Mori M, Akazawa K, et al: Immunohistochemical expression of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in colorectal carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 89:101-105, 1994

106. Altman G, Lausen B, Sauerbrei W, et al: Danger of using ``optimal'' cutpoints in the evaluation of prognostic factors. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:829-835, 1994

107. Shankey TV, Rabinovich PS, Bagwell B, et al: Guidelines for the implementation of clinical DNA cytometry. Cytometry 14:472-477, 1993

108. Bauer KD, Bagwell CB, Giaretti W, et al: Consensus review of the clinical utility of DNA flow cytometry in colorectal cancer. Cytometry 14:486-491, 1993

109. Stipa S, Danesi T, Modini C, et al: The importance of heterogeneity and of sampling in the prospective determination of DNA flow cytometry. Surg Gynecol Obstet 176:427-434, 1993

110. Schillaci A, Tirindelli DD, Ferri M, et al: Flow cytometric analysis in colorectal carcinoma: Prognostic significance of cellular DNA content. Colorectal Dis 5:223-227, 1990

111. Wiggers T, Arends JW, Schutte B, et al: A multivariate analysis of pathologic prognostic indicators in large bowel cancer. Cancer 61:386-395, 1988

112. Schutte B, Reynders MMJ, Wiggers T, et al: Retrospective analysis of the prognostic significance of DNA content and proliferative activity in large bowel carcinoma. Cancer Res 47:5494-5496, 1987

113. Kokal W, Sheibani K, Terz J, et al: Tumor DNA content in the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. JAMA 255:3123-3127, 1986

114. Kokal WA, Gardine RL, Sheibani K, et al: Tumor DNA content in resectable, primary colorectal carcinoma. Ann Surg 209:188-193, 1989

115. Heimann TM, Sangbaek CO, Martinelli G, et al: Colorectal carcinoma associated with ulcerative colitis: A study of prognostic indicators. Am J Surg 164:13-17, 1992

116. Kouri M, Laasonen A, Mecklin JP, et al: Diploid predominance in herditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma evaluated by flow cytometry. Cancer 65:1825-1829, 1990

117. Tomoda H, Kakeji Y, Furusawa M: Prognostic significance of flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in colorectal cancer: A prospective study. J Surg Onc 53:144-148, 1993

118. Silvestrini R, D'Agnano I, Faranda A, et al: Flow cytometric analysis of ploidy in colorectal cancer: A multicentric experience. Br J Cancer 67:1042-1046, 1993

119. Enker WE, Kimmel M, Cibas ES, et al: DNA/RNA content and proliferative fractions of colorectal carcinomas: A five-year prospective study relating flow cytometry to survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 83:701-707, 1991

120. Giaretti W, Danova M, Geido E, et al: Flow cytometric DNA index in the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Cancer 67:1921-1927, 1991

121. Kouri M, Pyrhînen S, Mecklin JP, et al: The prognostic value of DNA-ploidy in colorectal carcinoma: A prospective study. Br J Cancer 62:976-981, 1990

122. Rognum TO, Lund E, Meling GI, et al: Near diploid large bowel carcinomas have better five-year survival than aneuploid ones. Cancer 68:1077-1081, 1991

123. Wirksching RP, Lamerz R, Wiebecke B, et al: Flow cytometric evaluation of colorectal carcinoma as completion of conventional tumor examination. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 6:117-128, 1987

124. Armitage NC, Ballantyne KC, Sheffield JP, et al: A prospective evaluation of the effect of tumor cell DNA content on recurrence in colorectal cancer. Cancer 67:2599-2604, 1991

125. Bosari S, Lee AKC, Wiley BD, et al: Flow cytometric and image analysis of colorerctal adenocarcinomas. Anatomic Path 99:187-194, 1993

126. Rowley S, Carpenter R, Newbold KM, et al: Use of the OM-11-906 monoclonal antibody for determining p62 c-myc expression by flow cytometry in relation to prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 17:370-378, 1991

127. Witzig TE, Loprinzi CL, Gonchoroff NJ, et al: DNA ploidy and cell kinetic measurements as predictors of recurrence and survival in stages B2 and C colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 68:879-888, 1991

128. Baretton G, Gille J, Oevermann E, et al: Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA-content in paraffin-embedded tissue from colorectal carcinomas and its prognostic significance. Virchow Archiv B Cell Pathol 60:123-131, 1991

129. Rowley S, Newbold KM, Gearty J, et al: Comparison of DNA ploidy and nuclear expressed p62 c-myc oncogene in the prognosis of colorectal cancer. World J Surg 14:545-551, 1990

130. Quirke P, Dixon MF, Clayden AD, et al: Prognostic significance of DNA aneuploidy and cell proliferation in rectal adenocarcinomas. J Pathol 151:285-291, 1987

131. Scott NA, Wieland HCS, Moertel CG, et al: Colorectal cancer - Dukes' stage, tumor site, preoperative plasma CEA level, and patient prognosis related to tumor DNA ploidy pattern. Arch Surg 122:1375-1379, 1987

32. Bauer KD, Lincoln ST, Vera-Roman JM, et al: Prognostic implications of proliferative activity and DNA aneuploidy in colonic adenocarcinomas. Lab Invest 57:329-335, 1987

133. Russo A, Bazan V, Plaja S, et al: Patterns of DNA-ploidy in operable colorectal carcinoma: A prospective study of 100 cases. J Surg Oncol 48:4-10, 1991

134. Halvorsen TB, Johannesen E: DNA ploidy, tumour site, and prognosis in colorectal cancer. Scand J Gastroenterol 25:141-148, 1990

135. Harlow SP, Eriksen BL, Poggensee L, et al: Prognostic implications of proliferative activity and DNA aneuploidy in Aster-Collier Dukes stage C colonic adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 51:2403-2409, 1991


136. Visscher DW, Zarbo RJ, Ma CK, et al: Flow cytometric DNA and clinicopathologic analysis of Dukes' A&B colonic adenocarcinomas: A retrospective study. Modern Pathol 3:709-712, 1990

137. Fisher ER, Siderits RH, Sass R, et al: Value of ploidy in rectal cancers. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113:525-528, 1989

138. Jones DJ, Moore M, Schofield PF: Refining the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy status in colorectal cancer: A prospective flow cytometric study. Int J Cancer 41:206-210, 1988

139. Goh HS, Jass JR, Atkins WS, et al: Value of flow cytometric determination of ploidy as a guide to prognosis in operable rectal cancer: A multivariate analysis. Int J Colorect Dis 2:17-21, 1987

140. Sun XF, Carstensen JM, Stal O, et al: Prognostic significance of p53 expression in relation to DNA ploidy in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Virchows Archiv A Pathol Anat 423:443-448, 1993

141. Armitage NC, Ballantyne KC, Evans DF, et al: The influence of tumour cell DNA content on survival in colorectal carcinoma: A detailed analysis. Br J Cancer 62:852-856, 1990

142. Jiang B, Liu CG, Wang MW, et al: DNA content and its relationship with pathology and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Chinese Med J 105:241-246, 1992

143. Scott NA, Rainwater LM, Wieland HS, et al: The relative prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA analysis and conventional clinicopathologic criteria in patients with operable rectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 30:513-520, 1987

144. Bell SM, Scott N, Cross D, et al: Prognostic value of p53 overexpression and c-Ki-ras gene mutations in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 104:57-64, 1993

145. Hamelin R, Laurent-Puig P, Olschwang S, et al: Association of p53 mutations with short survival in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 106:42-48, 1994

146. Yamaguchi A, Nakagawara G, Kurosaka Y, et al: p53 immunoreaction in endoscopic biopsy specimens of colorectal cancer, and its prognostic significance. Br J Cancer 68:399-402, 1993

147. Yamaguchi A, Kurosaka Y, Fushida S, et al: Expression of p53 protein in colorectal cancer and its relationship to short-term prognosis. Cancer 70:2778-2784, 1992

148. Remvikos Y, Tominaga O, Hammel P, et al: Increased p53 protein content of colorectal tumours correlates with poor survival. Br J Cancer 66:758-764, 1992

149. Starzynska T, Bromley M, Ghosh A, et al: Prognostic significance of p53 overexpression in gastric and colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 66:558-562, 1992

150. O'Connell MJ, Schaid DJ, Ganju V, et al: Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Cancer Suppl 70:1732-1739, 1992


151. Scott N, Sagar P, Stewart J, et al: p53 in colorectal cancer: Clinicopathological correlation and prognostic significance. Br J Cancer 63:317-319, 1991

152. Zeng ZS, Sarkis AS, Zhang ZF, et al: p53 nuclear overexpression: An independent predictor of survival in lymph node-positive colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 12:2043-2050, 1994

153. Benhattar J, Losi L, Chaubert P, et al: Prognostic significance of K-ras mutations in colorectal carcinoma. Gastroenterology 104:1044-1048, 1993

154. Nagai MA, Habr-Gama A, Oshima CTF, et al: Association of genetic alterations of c-myc, c-fos, and c-Ha-ras proto-oncogenes in colorectal tumors. Dis Colon Rectum 35:444-451, 1992

155. Miller F, Heimann TM, Quish A, et al: ras and c-myc protein expression in colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 35:430-435, 1992

156. Sun XF, Wingren St, Carstensen JM, et al: ras p21 expression in relation to DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction and prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 27:1646-1649, 1991

157. Sun XF, Hatschek T, Wingren S, et al: Ras p21 expression in relation to histopathological variables and prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Acta Oncologica 30:933-939, 1991

158. Miyahara M, Saito T, Kaketani K, et al: Clinical significance of ras p21 overexpression for patients with an advanced colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 34:1097-1102, 1991

159. Michelassi F, Grad G, Erroi F, et al: Relationship between ras oncogene expression and clinical and pathological features of colonic carcinoma. Hepato-gastroenterol 37:513-516, 1990

160. Pavesi F, Lotzniker M, Scarabelli M, et al: Circulating CA549 and other associated antigens in breast cancer patients. Oncology 51:18-21, 1994

161. Hayes DF, Zurawski VR, Kufe DW: Comparison of circulating CA15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 4:1542-1550, 1986

162. Fujino N, Haga Y, Sakamoto K, et al: Clinical evaluation of an immunoradiometric assay for CA15-3 antigen associated with human mammarycarcinomas comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen. Jpn J Clin Oncol 16:335-346, 1986

163. Dixon AR, Price MR, Hand CW, et al: Epithelial mucin core antigen (EMCA) in assessing therapeutic response in advanced breast cancer--A comparison with CA15-3. Br J Cancer 68:947-949, 1993

164. Safi F, Kohler I, Rottinger E, et al: Comparison of CA 15-3 and CEA in diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer. Intl J Biol Markers 4:207-214, 1989

165. Kallioneimi OP, Oksa H, Aaran RK, et al: Serum CA 15-3 assay in the diagnosis and follow-up of breast cancer. Br J Cancer 58:213-215, 1988

166. Miserez AR, Gunes I, Muller-Brand J, et al: Clinical value of a mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen in monitoring breast cancer patients in comparison with CA 15-3. Eur J Cancer 27:126-131, 1991

167. Barak A, Carlin D, Sulkes A, et al: CA15-3 serum levels in breast cancer and other malignancies--Correlation with clinical course. Israel J Med Sci 24:623-627, 1988

168. O'Brien DP, Horgan PG, Gough DB, et al: CA15-3: A reliable indicator of metastatic bone disease in breast cancer patients. Ann Roy Coll Surg Eng 74:9-12, 1992

169. Allenda M, Llana B, Alvarez J, et al: BCM-IMx and CA15-3 serum levels in patients with breast cancer: A comparative study. Bull Cancer 78:743-745, 1991

170. Dnistrian AM, Schwartz MK, Greenberg EJ, et al: Evaluation of CA M26, CA M29, CA15-3 and CEA as circulating tumor markers in breast cancer patients. Tumor Biol 12:82-90, 1991

171. Wojtacki J, Dziewulska-Bokiniec A, Skikiwski J, et al: Evaluation of CA 15-3 tumor marker in the diagnosis of breast cancer. A pilot study. Neoplasma 41:213-216, 1994

172. Pirolo F, Pacini P, Borsotti M, et al: The role of CA 15-3 and MCA monoclonal antibody assays in the detection of primary and recurrent breast cancer. Anticancer Res 11:729-732, 1991

173. Eskelinen M, Hippelainen M, Carlsson L, et al: A decision support system for predicting a recurrent of breast cancer: A prospective study of serum tumour markers TAG 12, CA 15-3 and MCA. Anticancer Res 12:1439-1442, 1992

174. Duncan JL, Price A, Rogers K: The use of CA 15-3 as a serum tumour marker in breast carcinoma. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 17:16-19, 1991

175. Colomer R, Ruibal A, Salvador L: Circulating tumor marker levels in advanced breast cancer carcinoma correlate with the extent of matastic disease. Cancer 64:1674-1681, 1989

176. Molina R, Filella X, Mengual P, et al: MCA in patients with breast cancer: Correlation with CEA and CA15-3. Int J Biol Markers 5:14-21, 1990

177. Pons-Anicet DMF, Krebs BP, Mira R, et al: Value of CA 15-3 in the follow-up of breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 55:567-570, 1987

178. Crippa F, Bombardieri E, Seregni E, et al: Single determination of CA 15-3 and bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of skeletal metastases of breast cancer. J Nucl Biol Med 36:52-55, 1992

179. Colomer R, Ruibal A, Genolla J, et al: Circulating CA 15-3 levels in the postsurgical follow-up of breast cancer patients and in mon-malignant diseases. Breast Cancer Res Treat 13:123-133, 1989

180. Zurawski VR, Broderick SF, Pickens P, et al: Serum CA 125 levels in a group of nonhospitalized women: Relevance for the early detection of ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol 69:606-611, 1987

181. Zurawski VR Jr, Sjovall K, Schoenfeld DA, et al: Prospective evaluation of serum CA 125 levels in a normal population, phase I: the specificities of single and serial determinations in testing for ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 36:299-305, 1990

182. Zurawski VRJr, Orjaseter H, Anderson A, et al: Elevated serum CA 125 levels prior to diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia: Relevance for early detection of ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 42:677-680, 1988

183. Stevens DP, Mackay IR, Cullen KJ: Carcinoembryonic antigen in an unselected elderly population: A four-year follow up. Br J Cancer 32:147-152, 1975

184. Nicolini A, Colombini C, Luciani L, et al: Evaluation of serum CA15-3 determination with CEA and TPA in the post-operative follow-up of breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 64:154-158, 1991

185. Repetto L, Onetto M, Gardin G, et al: Serum CEA, CA 15-3, and MCA in breast cancer patients: A clinical evaluation. Can Det Prev 17:411-415, 1993

186. Sacks NP, Stacker SA, Thompson CH, et al: Comparison of mammary serum antigen (MSA) and CA15-3 levels in the serum of patients with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 56:820-824, 1987

187. Al-Jarallah MA, Behbehani AE, El-Nass SA, et al: Serum CA15-3 and CEA patterns in postsurgical follow-up, and in monitoring clinical course of metastatic cancer in patients with breast carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 19:74-79, 1993

188. Dnistrian AM, Schwartz MK, Greenberg EJ, et al: CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen in the clinical evaluation of breast cancer. Clinica Chimica Acta 200:81-94, 1991

189. O'Dwyer PJ, Duffy MJ, O'Sullivan F, et al: CEA and CA 15-3 in primary and recurrent breast cancer. World J Surg 14:562-566, 1990

190. Soletormos G, Nielsen D, Schioler V, et al: A novel method for monitoring high-risk breast cancer with tumor markers: CA 15-3 compared to CEA and TPA. Ann Oncol 4:861-869, 1993

191. Markopoulos CJ, Gogas HJ, Alevizou-Terzaki BPh, et al: CA 15-3 in the prediction of recurrence of breast cancer. Breast Dis 7:1-5, 1994

192. Caponigro F, Iaffaioli RV, Pagliarulo C, et al: CA 15-3 in human breast cancer. Comparison with tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Int J Biol Markers 5:73-76, 1990

193. Robertson J, Pearson D, Price MR, et al: Objective measurement of therapeutic response in breast cancer using tumor markers. J Clin Oncol 7:1057-1065, 1992

194. Colomer R, Sole LA, Navarro M, et al: CA15-3: Early results of a new breast cancer marker. Anticancer Res 6:683-684, 1986

195. Tondini C, Hayes DF, Gelman R, et al: Comparison of CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen in monitoring the clinical course of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 48:4107-4112, 1988

196. Van Dalen A, Van Der Linde DL, Heering KJ, et al: How can treatment response be measured in breast cancer patients? Anticancer Res 13:1901-1904, 1993

197. Martoni A, Ercolino L, Bellanova B, et al: CA 15-3 and CEA plasma level monitoring in patients with breast cancer. Int J Biol Markers 3:154-158, 1988

198. Beard DB, Haskell CM: Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer. Am J Med 80:241-245, 1986

199. Kiang DT, Greenberg LJ, Kennedy BJ: Tumor marker kinetics in the monitoring of breast cancer. Cancer 65:193-199, 1990

200. Bates SE: Clinical applications of serum tumor markers. Ann Intern Med 115:623-638, 1991

201. Stacker SA, Sacks NPM, Golder J, et al: Evaluation of MSA as a serum markerin breast cancer: A comparison with CEA. Br J Cancer 57:298-303, 1988

202. Chan DW, Beveridge RA, Bruzek DJ, et al: Monitoring breast cancer with CA 549. Clin Chemother 34:2000-2004, 1988

203. Hilkens J, Bonfrer JMG, Koezen V, et al: Comparison of circulating MAm-6 CAE levels and correlation with the estrogen receptor in patients with breast cancer. Int J Cancer 39:431-435, 1987

204. Palazzo S, Liguori V, Molinari B: Is the carcinoembryonic antigen test a valid predictor of response to medical therapy in disseminated breast cancer? Tumori 72:515-518, 1986

205. Palazzo S, Liguori V, Molinari B, et al: The role of carcinoembryonic antigen in the postmastectomy follow-up of primary breast cancer and in the prognostic evaluation of disseminated breast cancer. Tumori 70:57-59, 1984

206. Lang BA, Kocent A, Nekulova M, et al: Three follow-up of carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the serum of patients with breast cancer. Neoplasma 31:79-87, 1984

207. Gaglia P, Caldarola B, Bussone R, et al: Prognostic value of CEA and ferritin assay in breast cancer: A multivariate analysis. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 24:1151-1155, 1988

208. Jong-Bakker MD, Hart AA, Persijn JP, et al: Prognostic significance of CEA in breast cancer: A statistical study. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 17:1307-1313, 1981

209. Cantwell B, Duffy MJ, Fennelly JJ, et al: Carcino-embryonic antigen assay as a guide to tumour bulk, response to therapy and prognosis in human breast cancer. J Med Sci 149:469-474, 1980

210. Wang DY, Bulbrook RD, Hayward JL, et al: Relationship between plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and prognosis in women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 11:615-618, 1975

211. Lamerz R, Leonhardt A, Ehrhart H, et al: Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Oncodev Biol Med 1:123-135, 1980

212. Neville AM, Patel S, Capp M, et al: The monitoring role of plasma CAE alone and in association with other tumor markes in colorectal and mammary carcinoma. Cancer 42:1448-1451, 1978

213. Mansi JL, Earl HM, Powles TJ, et al: Test for detecting disease in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 11:249-254, 1988

214. Theriault RL, Hortogagbyi GN, Fritsche HA, et al: The role of seru CEA as a porgnostic indicator in stage II and III breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 63:828-835, 1989

215. Doyle PJ, Nicholson RI, Groome GV, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): Its role as a tumour marker in breast cancer. Clin Oncol 7:53-58, 1981

216. Van Der Linden JC, Baak JPA, Postma T, et al: Monitoring serum CEA in women with primary breast tumours positive for oestrogen receptor and with spread to lymph nodes. J Clin Pathol 38:1229-1234, 1985

217. Lee YN: Carcinoembryonic antigen as a monitor of recurrent breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 20:109-114, 1982

218. Haagensen Darrow E, Kister Sven J, Vandevoorde JP, et al: Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen as a plasma monitor for human breast carcinoma. Cancer 42:1512-1519, 1978

219. Falkson H, Falkson G, Portugal MA, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen as a marker in patients with breast cancer receiving postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer 49:1859-1865, 1982

220. Veronesi A, Talamini R, Longhi S, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the follow-up of disease-free breast cancer patients. Tumori 68:477-480, 1982

221. Paulick R, Caffier H: Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen and prognois of breast cancer patients postmastectomy. Can Det Prev 11:311-317, 1994

222. Ahlemann LM, Staab HJ, Anderer FA: Serial CAE determinations as an aid in postoperative therapy management of patients with early breast cancer. Biomedicine 32:194-199, 1980

223. Safi F, Kohler I, Rottinger E, et al: The value of the tumor marker CA 15-3 in diagnosing and monitoring breast cancer. Cancer 68:574-582, 1991

224. Loomer L, Brockschmidt JK, Muss HB, et al: Postoperative follow-up of patients with early breast cancer. Patterns of care among clinical oncologists and a review of the literature. Cancer 67:55-60, 1991

225. Williams MR, Turkes A, Pearson D, et al: The use of serum carcinoembryonic antigen to assess therapeutic response in locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer: A prospective study with external review. Eur J Surg Oncol 14:417-422, 1988

226. Lokich JJ, Zamcheck N, Lowenstein M: Sequential carcinoembryonic antigen levels in the therapy of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 89:902-906, 1978

227. Mughal AW, Hortobagyi GN, Fritsche HA, et al: Serial plasma carcinoembryonic antigen measurements during treatment of metastic breast cancer. JAMA 249:1881-1886, 1983

228. Tjandra J, McLaughlin PJ, Russell IS, et al: Comparison of mammary serum antigen (MSA) with B2-Microglobulin (B2M) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays in patients with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 24:1633-1640, 1988

229. Loprinzi CL, Tormey DC, Rasmussen P, et al: Prospective evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels and alternating chemotherapeutic regimens in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 4:46-56, 1986

230. Krieger G, Wander HE, Prangen M, et al: Bestimmung des carcinoembryonalen antigens (CEA) zur voraussage des therapieerfolges beim metastasierenden mammakarzinom. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 108:610-614, 1983

231. Chu TM: Evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen in human mammary carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 51:1119-1122, 1973

232. Koch M, Paterson AHG, McPherson TA: Slope analysis of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels in monitoring response to treatment in patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Clin Oncol 6:323-327, 1980

233. Falkson HC, Van Der Watt JJ, Portugal MC, et al: Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 42:1308-1313, 1978

234. Paone JF, Baker RR, Waalkes TP, et al: Sequential galactosyltransferase and carcinoebryonic antigen levels in advanced breast carcinoma. J Surg Res 31:269-273, 1981

235. Tormey DC, Waalkes P: Clinical correlation between CEA and breast cancer. Cancer 42:1507-1511, 1978

236. Ng JSY, Sturgeon CM, Seth J, et al: Serological markers for metastic breast cancer. Dis Markers 11:217-223, 1993

237. Borthwick NM, Wilson DW, Bell PA: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 13:171-176, 1977

238. Gion M, Cappelli G, Mione R, et al: Evaluation of critical differences of CAE and Ca 15.3 levels in serial samples from patients operated for breast cancer. Int J Biol Markers 9:135-139, 1994

239. Lee YN: Serial test of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 6:287-293, 1983

240. Greene GL, Sobel NB, King WJ, et al: Immunochemical studies of estrogen receptors. J Steroid Biochem 20:51-56, 1984

241. Green S, Gronemeyer H, Chambon P: Structure and function of steroid hormone receptors, in Sluyser M (ed): Growth Factors and Oncogenes in Breast Cancer. England, Ellis Horwood, 1987, pp 7-28

242. Walter P, Green S, Greene G, et al: Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:7889-7893, 1985


243. Orti E, Bodwell JE, Munck A: Phosphorylation of steroid hormone receptors. Endocr Rev 13:105-128, 1992

244. Ruh TS, Ruh MF, Singh RK: Nuclear acceptor sites: Interaction with estrogen-versus antiestrogen-receptor complexes, in Moudgil VK (ed): Steroid Receptors in Health and Disease. New York, NY, Plenum, 1988, pp 233-250

245. Valenstein SL, Voigt W, Thompsen S, et al: Estrogen and progesterone receptor techniques for breast cancer, in Ashkar FS (ed): Radiobioassays, vol II. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1983, pp 53-64

246. Korenman SG, Dukes BA: Specific estrogen binding by the cytoplasm of human breast carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 30:639-645, 1970

247. Scatchard G: The attraction of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann NY Acad Sci 51:660-672, 1949

248. Judd R: Advantages of an immunohistochemical estrogen receptor assay. S Med J 84:853-861, 1991

249. Holmes FA, Fritsche HA, Loewy JW, et al: Measurement of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast tumors: Enzyme immunoassay versus binding assay. J Clin Oncol 8:1025-1035, 1990

250. Clayton F, Wu J: The liability of estrogen receptor: Correlation of estrogen binding and immunoreactivity. Clin Chemother 32:1774-1777, 1986

251. Andersen J, Thorpe SM, King WJ, et al: The prognostic value of immunohistochemical estrogen receptor analysis in paraffin-embedded and frozen sections versus that of steroid-binding assays. Eur J Cancer 26:442-449, 1990

252. Ravdin PM, Green S, Dorr TM, et al: Prognostic significance of progesterone receptor levels in estrogen receptor-positive patients with metastatic breast cancer treateed with tamoxifen: Results of a prospective Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 10:1284-1291, 1992

253. Paone JF, Abeloff MD, Ettinger DS, et al: The correlation of estrogen and progesterone receptor levels with response to chemotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 152:70-74, 1981

254. Lippman ME, Allegra JC: The response to endocrine and cytotoxic chemotherapy in human breast cancer and the disease-free interval. Cancer 46:2829-2834, 1980

255. Degenshein GA, Bloom N, Tobin E: The value of progesterone receptor assays in the management of advanced breast cancer. Cancer 45:2992-2997, 1980

256. Blamey RW, Bishop HM, Blake JRS, et al: Relationship between primary breast tumor receptor status and patient survival. Cancer 46:2765-2769, 1980

257. McClelland RA, Berger U, Miller LS, et al: Immunocytochemical assay for estrogen receptor in patients with breast cancer: Relationship to a biochemical assay and to outcome of therapy. J Clin Oncol 4:1171-1176, 1986

258. Rosner D, Lane WW, Nemoto T: Differential response to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer in relation to estrogen receptor level. Cancer 64:6-15, 1989

259. Valavaara R, Tuominen J, Johansson R: Predictive value of tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor levels in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer treated with toremifene. Cancer 66:2264-2269, 1990

260. Rosenbaum C, Marsland TA, Stolbach LL, et al: Estrogen receptor status and response to chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer: The Tufts-Shattuck-Pondville experience. Cancer 46:2919-2921, 1980

261. Singh L, Wilson AJ, Baum M, et al: The relationship between histological grade, oestrogen receptor status, events and survival at 8 years in the NATO (`Nolvadex') trial. Br J Cancer 57:612-614, 1988

262. Stewart HJ, for the Scottish Cancer Trials Breast Group: The scottish trial of adjuvant tamoxifen in node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Mono 11:117-120, 1992

263. Breast Cancer Trials Committee: Adjuvant tamoxifen in the management of operable breast cancer: The Scottish trial. Lancet 171-175, 1987

264. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group: Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy. Lancet 339:1-15, 71-85, 1992

265. Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group: Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen and of cytotoxic therapy on mortality in early breast cancer. N Engl J Med 319:1681-1692, 1988

266. Fisher B, Redmond C, Brown A, et al: Influence of tumor estrogen and progesterone receptor levels on the response to tamoxifen and chemotherapy in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 4:227-241, 1983

267. Hilf R, Feldstein ML, Scott LG, et al: The relative importance of estrogen receptor analysis as a prognostic factor for recurrence or response to chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. Cancer 45:1993-2000, 1980

268. Raemaekers JMM, Beex LVAM, Pieters GFFM, et al: Progesterone receptor activity and relapse-free survival in patients with primary breast cancer: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy. Br Cancer Res Treat 9:191-199, 1987

269. Berger U, McClelland RA, Wilson P, et al: Immunocytochemical determination of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in breast cancer and relationship to prognosis. Cancer Res 51:239-244, 1991

270. Clark GM, Wenger CR, Beardslee S, et al: How to integrate steroid hormone receptor, flow cytometric, and other prognostic information in regard to primary breast cancer. Cancer 71:2157-2162, 1993

271. Gottardi O, Baiocchi C, Ferrari M, et al: Correlation between histochemically assessed hormonal receptor content and clinical course in breast cancer. Oncology 48:221-225, 1991

272. Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher ER, et al: Relative worth of estrogen or progesterone receptor and pathologic characteristics of differentiation as indicators of prognosis in node negative breast cancer patients: Findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol B 06. J Clin Oncol 6:1076-1087, 1988

273. Sutton R, Campbell M, Cooke T, et al: Predictive power of progesterone receptor status in early breast carcinoma. Br J Surg 74:223-226, 1987

274. Pichon MF, Pallud C, Hacene K, et al: Prognostic value of progesterone receptor after long-term follow-up in primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 28A:1676-1680, 1992

275. Tsangaris TN, Knox SM, Cheek HC: Tumor hormone receptor status and recurrences in premenopausal patients with node-negative breast carcinoma. Cancer 69:984-987, 1992

276. Elledge RM, McGuire WL, Osborn CK: Prognostic factors in breast cancer. Semin Oncol 19:244-253, 1992

277. Andersen J, Thorpe SM, Rose C, et al: Estrogen receptor in primary breast cancer estimated in paraffin-embedded tissue. Acta Oncologica 30:685-690, 1991

278. Bhatavdekar JM, Patel DD, Karelia NH: Estrogen and progesterone receptor status of primary breast: Relationship with the pattern of first metastasis and survival. Neoplasma 39:349-352, 1992

279. Stal O, Carstensen J, Tatschek, et al: Significance of S-phase fraction and hormone receptor content in the management of young breast cancer patients. Br S Cancer 66:706-711, 1992

280. Gasparini G, Pozza P, Dittadi R, et al: Progesterone receptor determined by immunocytochemical and biochemical methods in human breast cancer. Cancer Res Clin Oncol 118:557-563, 1992

281. Reiner A, Neumeister B, Spona J, et al: Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen and progesterone receptor and prognosis in human primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 50:7057-7061, 1990

282. Collett K, Skjerven R, Thorsen T, et al: The prognostic role of progesterone receptor status and age in relation to axillary node status in breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 24:959-965, 1989

283. Crowe J, Hubay C, Pearson O, et al: Estrogen receptor status as a prognostic indicator for stage I breast cancer patients. Br Cancer Res Treat 2:171-176, 1982

284. Sigurdsson H, Baldetorp B, Borg A, et al: Indicators of prognosis in node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med 322:1045-1053, 1990

285. Kinne D, Butler J, Kimmel M, et al: Estrogen receptor protein of breast cancer in patients with positive nodes. Arch Surg 122:1303-1306, 1987

286. Lampertico P, Stagni F, Bossi E: Five years survival of 1112 patients with cancer of the breast: Prognostic value of clinico-morphological parameters including the histochemically evaluated receptor status. Pathologica 83:1-16, 1991

287. Ciatto S, Bravetti P, Gardona G, et al: Prognostic role of estrogen receptor determination in breast cancer. Tumori 69:527-550, 1985

288. Ewers SB, Attewell R, Borg A, et al: Prognostic significance of flow cytometric DNA analysis and estrogen receptor content in breast carcinomas--A 10 year survival study. Br Cancer Res Treat 24:115-126, 1992

289. Klintenberg C, Stal O, Nordenskjold B, et al: Proliferative index, cytosol estrogen and axillary node status as prognostic predictors in human mammary carcinoma. Br Cancer Res Treat 7S:99-106, 1986

290. Hawkins RA, White G, Bundred NJ, et al: Prognostic significance of oestrogen and progestogen receptor activities in breast cancer. Br J Surg 74:1009-1013, 1987

291. Raemaekers JMM, Beex LVAM, Koenders AJM, et al: Disease-free interval and estrogen receptor activity in tumor tissue of patients with primary breast cancer: Analysis after long term follow up. Br Cancer Res Treat 6:123-130, 1985

292. Crowe JP, Gordon NH, Hubay CA, et al: Estrogen receptor determination and long term survival of patients with carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet 173:273-278, 1991

293. Winstanley J, Cooke T, George WD, et al: The long term prognostic significance of estrogen receptor analysis in early carcinoma of the breast. Br J Cancer 64:99-101, 1991

294. Cowen PN, Teasdale J, Jackson P, et al: Oestrogen receptor in breast cancer: Prognostic studies using a new immunohistochemical assay. Histopathology 17:319-325, 1990

295. DeSombre ER, Thorpe SM, Rose C, et al: Prognostic usefulness of estrogen receptor immunocytochemical assays for human breast cancer. Cancer Res 46S:4256-4264, 1986

296. Shek L, Godolphin W: Survival with breast cancer: The importance of estrogen receptor quantity. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25:243-250, 1989

297. Andry G, Suciu S, Pratola D, et al: Relation between estrogen receptor concentration and clinical and histological factors: Their relative prognostic importance after radical mastectomy for primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25:319-329, 1989

298. Pascual MR, Macias A, Moreno L, et al: Factors associated with prognosis in human breast cancer. V the simultaneous use of estrogen and progesterone receptor measurements for prediction of short-term relapse. Neoplasma 32:247-256, 1985

299. Shapiro CM, Schifeling D, Bitran JD, et al: Prognostic value of the estrogen receptor level in pathologic stage I and II adenocarcinoma of the breast. J Surg Oncol 19:119-121, 1982

300. Westerberg H, Gustafson SA, Nordenskjold B, et al: Estrogen receptor level and other factors in early recurrence of breast cancer. Int J Cancer 26:429-433, 1980

301. Sauer R, Schauer A, Rauschecker HF, et al: Therapy of small breast cancer: A prospective study on 1036 patients with special emphasis on prognostic factors. Int J Radiol Oncol Biol Phys 23:907-914, 1992

\302. Ciatto S, Palli D, Iossa A, et al: Prognostic significance of estrogen receptor determination in primary breast cancer. Radiol Oncol 12:187-192, 1988

303. Thorpe SM, Christensen IJ, Rasmussen BB, et al: Short recurrence-free survival associated with high osestrogen receptor levels in the natural history of postmenopausal, primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 29A:971-977, 1993

304. Castagnetta L, Traina A, Carruba G, et al: The prognosis of breast cancer patients in relation to the oestrogen receptor status of primary disease and involved nodes. Cancer 66:167-170, 1992

305. Shankey TV, Rabinovitch PS, Bagwell B, et al: Guidelines for the implementation of clinical DNA cytometry. Br Cancer Res Treat 28:61-68, 1994

306. Kedely DW, Clark GM, Cornelisse CJ, et al: Consensus review of the clinical utility of DNA cytometry in carcinoma of the breast. Br Cancer Res Treat 28:52-60, 1994

307. Hatschek T, Fagerberg G, Stal O, et al: Cytometric characterization and clinical course of breast cancer diagnosed in a population-based screening program. Cancer 64:1074-1081, 1989

308. Muss HB, Kute Te, Case LD, et al: The relation of flow cytometry to clinical and biologic characteristics in women with node negative primary breast cancer. Cancer 64:1894-1900, 1989

309. Clark GM, Dressler LG, Pounds G, et al: Prediction of relapse or survival in patients with node-negative breast cancer by DNA flow cytometry. N Engl J Med 320:627-633, 1989

310. Toikkanen S, Joensuu H, Klemi P: Nuclear DNA content as a prognostic factor in T1-2N0 breast cancer. Am J Clin Pathol 93:471-479, 1990

311. Winchester DJ, Duda RB, August CZ, et al: The importance of DNA flow cytometry in node-negative breast cancer. Arch Surg 125:886-889, 1990

312. O'Reilly SM, Camplejohn RS, Barnes DM, et al: DNA index, S-phase fraction, histological grad and prognosis in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 61:671-674, 1990

313. Dressler LG, Eudey L, Gray R, et al: Prognostic potential of DNA flow cytometry measurements in node-negative breast cancer patients: Preliminary analysis of an intergroupstudy (INT 0076). Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 11:167-72, 1992

314. Merkel DE, Winchester DJ, Goldschmidt RA, et al: DNA flow cytometry and pathologic grading as prognostic guides in axillary lymph node-negative breast cancer. Cancer 72:1926-1932, 1993

315. Clark GM, Mathieu MC, Owens MA, et al: Prognostic significance of S-phase fraction in good-risk, node-negative breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 10:428-32, 1992

316. Isola J, Weitz S, Visakorpi T, et al: Cathepsin D expression detected by immunohistochemistry had independent prognositc value in axillary node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 11:36-43, 1993

317. Siitonen SM, Kallioniemi OP, Isola JJ: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody 19A2 and a new antigen retrieval technique has prognostic impact in archival paraffin-embedded node-negative breast cancer. Am J Pathol 142:1081-1089, 1993

318. Sivestrini R, Daidone MG, Del Bino G, et al: Prognostic significance of proliferative activity and ploidy in node-negative breast cancers. Ann Oncol 4:213-219, 1993

319. Allred DC, Clark GM, Elledge R, et al: Association of p53 protein expression with tumor cell proliferation rate and clinical outcome in node-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:200-206, 1993

320. Witzig TE, Ingle JN, Cha SS, et al: DNA ploidy and the percentage of cells in S-phase as prognostic factors for lymph node-negative breast cancer. Cancer 74:1752-1761, 1994

321. Costantino J, Fisher B, Gunduz N, et al: Tumor size, ploidy, S-phase, and erbB-2 markers in patients with node-negative, ER+ tumors: Findings of SNABP B-14. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 13:64, 1993 (abstr)

322. Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, et al: Human breast cancer: Correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the Her-2/neu oncogene. Science 235:177-182, 1987

323. Slamon DJ, Godolphin W, Jones LA, et al: Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science 244:707-712, 1989

324. Press MF, Hung G, Godolphin W, et al: Sensitivity of HER-2/neu antibodies in archival tissue samples: Potential source of error in immunohistochemical studies of oncogene expression. Cancer Res 54:2771-2777, 1994

325. Winstanley J, Cooke T, Murray GD, et al: The long term prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 in primary breast cancer. Br J Cancer 63:447-450, 1991

326. Paterson MC, Dietrich KD, Danyluk J, et al: Correlation between c-erbB-2 amplification and risk of recurrent disease in node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 51:556-567, 1991

327. Berns EM, Klijn JG, van Putten WL, et al: c-myc amplification is a better prognostic factor than HER2/neu amplification in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 52:1107-1113, 1992

328. Ali IU, Campbell G, Lidereau R, et al: Lack of evidence for the prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 amplification. Oncogene Res 3:139-146, 1988

329. Borgè, Tandon AK, Sigurdsson H, et al: HER-2/neu amplification predicts poor survival in node-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 50:4332-4337, 1990

330. Clark GM, McGuire WL: Follow-up study of HER-2/neu amplification in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 51:944-948, 1991

331. Tsuda H, Hirohashi S, Shimosato Y, et al: Immunohistochemical study on overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein in human breast cancer: Its correlation with gene amplification and long-term survival of patients. Jpn J Cancer Res 81:327-332, 1990

332. Thor AD, Schwartz LH, Koerner FC, et al: Analysis of c-erbB-2 expression in breast carcinomas with clinical follow-up. Cancer Res 49:7147-7152, 1989

333. Tandon AK, Clark GM, Chamness GC, et al: HER-2/neu oncogene protein and prognosis in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 7:1120-1128, 1989

334. Molina R, Ciocca DR, Tandon AK, et al: Expression of HER-2/neu oncoprotein in human breast cancer: A comparison of immunohistochemical and western blot techniques. Anticancer Res 12:1965-1971, 1992

335. van de Vijver MJ, Peterse J, Mooi WJ, et al: neu-protein overexpression in breast cancer. Association with comedo-type ductal carcinoma in situ and limited prognostic value in stage II breast cancer. N Engl J Med 319:1239-1245, 1988

336. Barnes DM, Lannie GA, Millis RR, et al: An immmunohistochemical evaluation of c-erB-2 expression in human breast carcinoma. Br J Cancer 58:448-452, 1988

337. Battifora H, Gaffey M, Esteban J, et al: Immunohistochemical assay of neu/c-erbB-2 oncogene product in paraffin-embedded tissues in early breast cancer: Retrospective follow-up study of 245 stage I and II cases. Modern Pathol 4:466-474, 1991

338. Gasparini G, Gullick WJ, Bevilacqua P, et al: Human breast cancer: Prognostic significance of the c-erbB-2 oncoprotein compared with epidermal growth factor receptor, DNA ploidy, and conventional pathologic features. J Clin Oncol 10:686-695, 1992

339. Schroeter CA, De Potter CR, Rathsmann K, et al: c-erbB-2 positive reast tumours behave more aggressively in the first years after diagnosis. Br J Cancer 66:728-734, 1992

340. Tokunaga Y, Urano T, Furukawa K, et al: Reduced xpression of nm23-H1, but not of nm23-H2, is concordant with the frequency of lymph-node metastasis of human breast cancer. Int J Cancer 55:66-71, 1993

341. Ji H, Lipponen HJ, Aaltomaa S, et al: c-erbB-2 oncogene related to p53 expression, cell proliferation and prognosis in breast cancer. Anticancer Res 13:1147-1152, 1993

342. Paik S, Hazan R, Fisher ER, et al: Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project: Prognostic significance of erbB-2 protein overexpression in primary breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 8:103-112, 1990

343. Lovekin C, Ellis IO, Locker A, et al: c-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression in primary and advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 63:439-443, 1991

344. McCann AH, Dervan PA, O'Regan M, et al: Prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 and estrogen receptor status in human breast cancer. Cancer Res 51:3296-3303, 1991

345. Horiguchi J, Iino Y, Takei H, et al: Immunohistochemical study on the expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in breast cancer. Oncology 51:47-51, 1994

346. Kallioniemi O-P, Holli K, Visakorpi T, et al: Association of c-erbB-2 protein over-expression with high rate of cell proliferation, increased risk of visceral metastasis and poor long-term survival in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 49:650-655, 1991

347. Rilke F, Colnaghi MI, Cascinelli N, et al: Prognostic significance of HER-2/neu expression in breast cancer and its relationship to other prognostic factors. Int J Cancer 49:44-49, 1991

348. Tàtu B, Brisson J: Prognostic significance of HER-2/neu oncoprotein expression in node-positive breast cancer. The influence of the pattern of immunostaining and adjuvant therapy. Cancer 73:2359-2365, 1994

349. Gusterson BA, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, et al: Prognostic importance of c-erbB-2 expression in breast cancer. International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 10:1049-1056, 1992

350. Muss HB, Thor AD, Berry DA, et al: c-erbB-2 expression and response to adjuvant therapy in women with node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med 330:1260-1266, 1994

351. Benz CC, Scott GK, Sarup JC, et al: Estrogen-dependent, tamoxifen-resistant tumorigenic growth of MCF-7 cells transfected with HER2/neu. Breast Cancer Res Treat 24:85-95, 1993

352. Wright C, Nicholson S, Angus B, et al: Relationship between c-erbB-2 protein product expression and response to endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. Br J Cancer 65a:118-121, 1992

353. Klijn JG, Berns EM, Bontenbal M, et al: Cell biological factors associated with the response of breast cancer to systemic treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 19SB:45-63, 1993

354. Wright C, Cairns J, Cantwell BJ, et al: Response to mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer: Correlation with expression of c-erbB-2 protein and glutathione S-transferases. Br J Cancer 65B:271-274, 1992

355. Tanner B, Friedberg T, Mitze M, et al: C-erbB-2-oncogene expression in breast carcinoma: Analysis by S1 nuclease protection assay and immunohistochemistry in relation to clinical parameters. Gynecol Oncol 471:228-233, 1992

356. Yuan J, Hennessy C, Givan AL, et al: Predicting outcome for patients with node negative breast cancer: A comparative study of the value of flow cytometry and cell image analysis for determination of DNA ploidy. Br J Cancer 65:461-465, 1992

357. Allred DC, Clark GM, Tandon AK, et al: HER-2/neu in node-negative breast cancer: Prognostic significance of overexpression influenced by the presence of in situ carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 10:599-605, 1992

358. Noguchi M, Koyasaki N, Ohta N, et al: C-erbB-2 oncoprotein expression versus internal mammary lymph node metastases as additional prognostic factors in patients with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer. Cancer 69:2953-2960, 1992

359. Bianchi S, Paglierani M, Zampi G, et al: Prognostic significance of c-erbB-2 expression in node negative breast cancer. Br J Cancer 67:625-629, 1993

360. Thor AD, Moore DH, Edgerton SM, et al: Accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein: An independent marker of prognosis in breast cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:845-855, 1992

361. Isola J, Visakorpi T, Holli K, et al: Association of overexpression of tumor suppressor protein p53 with rapid cell proliferation and poor prognosis in node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1109-1114, 1992

362. Elledge RM, Fuqua SAW, Clark GM, et al: Prognostic significance of p53 gene alterations in node-negative breast cancer. Breast Can Res Treat 26:225-235, 1993

363. Silvestrini R, Benini E, Daidone MG, et al: p53 as an independent prognostic marker in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:965-970, 1993

364. Silvestrini R, Veneroni S, Daidone MG, et al: The bcl-2 protein: A prognostic indicator strongly related to p53 protein in lymph node-negative breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 86:499-504, 1994

365. Tandon AK, Clark GM, Chamness GC, et al: Cathepsin D and prognosis in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 322:297-302, 1990

366. Tetu B, Brisson J, Cote C, et al: Prognostic significance of cathepsin D expression in node-positive breast carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. Int J Cancer 55:429-435, 1993

367. Hsu SM, Raine L, Fanger H: Use of the Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase Complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: A comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (ABC) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem 29:577-580, 1981

368. Maudelonde T: Immunoenzymatic assay of molecular weight--52,000 cathepsin D in 182 breast cytosols: Low correletation with other prognostic parameters. Cancer Res 48:462-466, 1988

369. Ravdin PM: Evaluation of cathepsin D as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Br Cancer Res Treat 24:219-226, 1993

370. Spyratos F, Brouillet JP, Defrenne A, et al: Cathepsin D an independent prognostic factor for metastasis of breast cancer. Lancet 2:1113-1118, 1989

371. Kute T, Shao LM, Sugg K, et al: Cathepsin D as a prognostic indicator for node-negative breast cancer patients using both immunoassays and enzymatic assays. Cancer Res 52:1-6, 1992

372. Namer M, Ramalole A, Fontana X, et al: Prognostic value of total cathepsin D in breast cancer. Br Cancer Res Treat 19:89-93, 1991

373. Granata G, Coradini D, Cappelletti V, et al: Prognostic relevance of cathepsin D versus estrogen receptors in node-negative breast cancers. Eur J Cancer 27:970-972, 1991

374. Janicke F, Schmitt M, Pache L, et al: Urokinase (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 are strong and independent prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer. Br Cancer Res Treat 24:195-209, 1993

375. Pujol P, Maudelonde T, Daures JP, et al: Prospective study on the prognostic values of cathepsin D levels in breast cancer. Cancer 71:2006-2012, 1993

376. Romain S, Muracciole X, Varette I, et al: Cathepsin D: An independent prognostic factor in cancer of the breast. Bull Cancer (Paris) 77:439-447, 1990

377. Duffy MJ, Broulliet JP, Reilly D, et al: Cathepsin D concentration in breast cancer cytosols: Correlation with biochemical, histological and clinical findings. Clin Chemother 37:101-104, 1991

378. Spyratos F, Martin PM, Hacene K, et al: Multiparametric prognostic evaluation of biological factors in primary breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1266-1272, 1992

379. Foekins JA, van Putten WLJ, Portenengen H, et al: Prognostic value of PS2 and cathepsin D in 710 human primary breast tumors: Multivariate analysis. J Clin Oncol 11:899-908, 1993

380. Seshadri R, Horsfall D, Firgaira F, et al: The relative prognostic significance of total cathepsin D and her-2/neu oncogene amplification in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 56:61-65, 1994

381. Kandalaft PL, Chang KL, Ahn CW, et al: Prognostic significant of immunohistochemical analysis of cathepsin D in low-stage breast cancer. Cancer 71:2756-2763, 1993

382. Henry JA, McCarthy AL, Angus B, et al: Prognostic significance of the estrogen-regulated protein, cathepsin D, in breast cancer. Cancer 65:265-271, 1990